Table of Contents
Understanding English Language Variation in U.S. Schools
By Anne H. Charity Hudley and Christine Mallinson
Series foreword by James Banks vii
Book foreword by William Labov xiii
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
1. Valuable Voices 1
Language Variation
Language, Students, and Multicultural Education
Who We Are
What Educators Want to Know about Language Variation
2. What is Standard English? 11
English Language Standards
Teaching Language Standards
Learning Language Standards
Some Features of School English
The Privilege of Standardized English
3. Southern English: A Regional and Cultural Variety 37
Defining the South
Language Variation in the South
Attitudes Toward Southern English
The Value of Southern Language and Culture
Features of Southern English
The Take-Away Message
4. African American English: An Ethnic and Cultural Variety 69
The History of African American English
Attitudes Toward African American English
The Value of African American Language and Culture
Features of African American English
The Take-Away Message
5. Assessment and Application 110
Testing Specific Populations
The Culture of Standardized Tests
The Language of Standardized Tests
Other Types of Assessment
Language-Centered Action Plans for Educators
Afterword by Walt Wolfram 143
References 145
About the Authors 161
Index 163
